Hosni Mubarak† — Relationship & Influence Network

In the 2000s, under pressure from the Bush administration, Mubarak allowed the first multi-candidate presidential election in 2005, which he won amid allegations of fraud and the imprisonment of his main rival, Ayman Nour.

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Gamal Mubarak, as a senior executive at Bank of America and later as a key figure in the NDP's policies committee, was seen as the architect of economic reforms that critics argued benefited a small circle of connected businessmen.

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